在美国工人中,过夜工作 (上午1点至上午5点) 的普遍程度
Imelda S Wong1,2, Toni Alterman3, Beverly M Hittle4
1Office of the Provincial Health Officer, Ministry of Health, Government of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
American journal of industrial medicine
|October 7, 2025
概括
2015年,超过2100万美国成年人从事过夜工作,比2004年大幅增加. 这种不断增长的人口面临风险,需要为他们的健康和安全制定保护性政策和计划.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 劳动社会学工作的社会学.
背景情况:
- 由于全球化和对商品和服务的需求增加,非标准的工作时间表,包括过夜工作,变得越来越普遍.
- 过夜工作,定义为在凌晨1点至凌晨5点之间工作,与潜在的不良安全和健康结果有关.
- 了解夜工的患病率和特征对于制定有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 根据最近的数据,提供美国夜间工作普遍性的全国估计.
- 检查与夜间工作相关的社会人口统计学,健康和职业因素.
- 将当前估计与历史数据进行比较,以确定一夜之间就业的趋势.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自2015年国家健康访谈调查的横截面数据,其中包括19386名18岁及以上的美国就业成年人.
- 基于特定时间窗口 (上午1点至上午5点) 定义的夜间工作,与昼夜低时段保持一致.
- 在各种人口,健康,行为和职业类别中计算了加权的流行率.
主要成果:
- 据估计,在2015年,约有14.2%的美国就业成年人,总计超过2100万人从事过夜工作.
- 在男性,非西班牙裔黑人成年人,非美国出生的个人,一些大学或高中教育的人和中西部居民中观察到更高的患病率.
- 夜间工作者更有可能经历更短或更长的睡眠时间 (<7小时或>9小时),每周工作时间更长,并拥有多个工作;运输,仓储和公用事业以及保护服务部门的比例最高.
结论:
- 2015年夜间工作的流行率几乎是2004年估计的五倍,这表明大幅增加.
- 这些发现突显了夜工人口的不断增长,并强调了对他们的福祉需要更多的关注.
- 额外的政策和计划对于减轻与这个不断扩大的劳动力相关的不良安全和健康后果至关重要.
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