在 Bombina orientalis 中的骨髓音声网络
Stefan Huggenberger1,2, Wolfgang Walkowiak2
1Institute of Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
The Journal of comparative neurology
|October 7, 2025
概括
听觉刺激迅速触发发声和呼吸模式在anurans. 这种音声集成在脑干,特别是低音区迅速发生,这表明它在协调声动模式方面的作用.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 生物声学是一种生物声学.
- 比较生理学比较生理学
背景情况:
- 阿努拉人 (青和) 使用肺膨胀来发声,这是与呼吸共享的机制.
- 声乐行为对听觉刺激有很高的反应,使得在anuran合唱团的协调呼叫成为可能.
- 中国的火腹 (Bombina orientalis) 作为研究听觉-语音整合的模型.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究神经通路涉及到音声集成在anurans.
- 为了确定音频语音处理是否发生在下脑中心,如长髓.
- 阐明特定运动核在协调发声和呼吸中的作用.
主要方法:
- 电生理学记录是在Bombina orientalis.的一个孤立的全脑制剂上进行的.
- 在头骨神经V,X和XII的运动核中记录了神经元.
- 听觉刺激通过静音神经 (N. VIII) 传递,以引起声和呼吸运动模式.
主要成果:
- 对N.VIII的听觉刺激迅速激活了下运动神经元 (延迟9.9±2.3毫秒).
- 低分泌区域的内神经元表现出更快的激活 (最小延迟2.9毫秒).
- 这些发现表明,在长髓中快速的音声集成,先于更高的大脑中心.
结论:
- 长髓,特别是 (N.X) 和下 (N.XII) 神经根之间的区域,对于产生呼吸节奏至关重要.
- 低音区在控制发声的其他运动核方面发挥着重要作用.
- 这个区域充当了音声集成的补充接口,启动和协调声格,同时可能抑制口腔呼吸.
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