隐藏的松病原体Diplodia sapinea的染色体层次的基因组组合揭示了两个附属染色体,具有明显的基因组特征和进化动态
Preston L Shaw1, Bernard Slippers1, Brenda D Wingfield1
1Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
G3 (Bethesda, Md.)
|October 7, 2025
概括
高质量的真菌病原体Diplodia sapinea的基因组组合揭示了具有独特特征的两个辅助染色体 (AC). 这些AC,可能是水平获得的,显示变化,但与松树病的攻击性没有直接联系.
科学领域:
- 菌类学 菌类学是指菌类学.
- 植物病理学 植物病理学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 石藻 (Diplodia sapinea) 是一种全球分布的,潜伏的真菌病原体,影响着松树物种.
- 由于真菌的范围扩大,气候变化正在加剧疾病爆发.
- 高质量的基因组资源对于理解D. sapinea的生物学和影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了生成Diplodia sapinea的染色体水平基因组组件.
- 在病原体内识别和表征核心和辅助染色体 (ACs).
- 调查ACs在D. sapinea攻击性中的起源,分布和潜在作用.
主要方法:
- 为3D. sapinea分离物生成染色体级的基因组组件.
- 进行了比较基因组分析,以确定核心和辅助染色体.
- 利用基于PCR的测定来检测来自14个国家的37个隔离物中的AC.
- 在Pinus patula幼苗上进行了致病性试验.
主要成果:
- 在D. sapinea.中确定了14个核心染色体和2个辅助染色体 (AC).
- 与核心染色体相比,AC表现出较低的基因密度,更高的可转移元素含量和更大的序列变异.
- 序列同质性表明,ACs可能是从其他Dothideomycetes水平获得的.
- 在13个国家的37个分离物中,在33个分离物中检测到一个AC;另一个缺席.
- 在Pinus patula上,AC的存在和孤立的侵略性之间没有发现相关性.
结论:
- 这项研究为Diplodia sapinea研究提供了高质量的基因组组件和资源.
- 辅助染色体 (AC) 是不同的基因组组件,可能参与病原体进化.
- 需要进一步的研究来阐明ACs在D. sapinea.中的特定生物学作用.
相关概念视频
Polytene Chromosomes
10.9K
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
10.9K
Lampbrush Chromosomes
8.6K
In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
8.6K
Karyotyping
68.1K
Overview
68.1K
Exon Recombination
4.1K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
4.1K
Chromosome Structure
25.9K
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
25.9K
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
59.6K
In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”
59.6K


