医学伦理中的人机协议:患者自主权 基于大型语言模型的基于案例的评估
Vamshi Mugu1, Brendan Carr2, Ashish Khandelwal1
1Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
JMIR medical informatics
|October 7, 2025
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 在医学伦理学中显示出潜力,但需要谨慎. 以人类监督为指导的代改进,显著提高了LLM与医生在患者自主性病例上的共识的一致性.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
背景情况:
- 医疗伦理,以慈善,非恶性,患者自主和正义为基础,指导临床实践.
- 患者的自主性在伦理困境中至关重要,强调患者的需求.
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 在医学中越来越多地使用,这引发了关于推理和上下文的伦理问题.
研究的目的:
- 在医学伦理学中评估基础的大型语言模型 (LLM),重点关注患者的自主权.
- 通过基于患者自主性的假设案例,探索改善LLM绩效的方法.
- 解决快速发展的医学伦理学中对LLM应用缺乏研究的问题.
主要方法:
- 通过使用假设的患者自主性案例,评估了三个基础的LLM (ChatGPT,LLaMA,Gemini).
- 将LLM对医生共识的反应与Cohen κ统计数据进行比较.
- 采用麦克纳马尔测试进行代改进分析和显著性测试 (P<.05).
主要成果:
- 基础的LLMs和医生共识之间的初始协议是轻微到公平的 (科恩 κ).
- 代改进技术显著提高了LLM协议的实质性或更高 (κ=0.73-0.82).
- 在所有测试的LLM中,改善在统计学上显著 (ChatGPT的P=.006,双子座和LLaMA的P<.001).
结论:
- 基础的LLM在医学伦理学方面有潜力,但需要谨慎的应用.
- 人类对测试和既定技术的监督可以使LLM的反应与人类的道德推理保持一致.
- 进一步的研究和代性改进对于安全有效地将LLM整合到医学伦理学中至关重要.
相关概念视频
Methods of Documentation VI: Case Management Model
857
The case management model is a multidisciplinary approach that involves healthcare professionals from diverse disciplines, such as physicians, nurses, therapists, social workers, and pharmacists, working collaboratively to address the various needs of patients. Each healthcare professional brings unique expertise and perspectives, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the patient's condition and tailoring treatment plans accordingly.
For example, a patient with a chronic...
For example, a patient with a chronic...
857
Ethics and Bioethics
2.7K
Ethics is a philosophical study of moral actions. Ethics attempts to determine what is valuable for individuals and society. It examines the rational justification of moral judgments and analyzes what is morally just, fair, and right. Bioethics is a sub-discipline of applied ethics that analyzes the philosophical, social, and legal issues in life sciences and medicine. Ethical theories serve as a foundation for decision-making and represent the viewpoints from which people seek direction. They...
2.7K
Ethical Issues
2.0K
Nurses are essential in patient care, upholding the ethical principles of their profession and effectively navigating ethical dilemmas. Neglecting ethical issues can lead to inadequate patient care, compromised therapeutic relationships, and moral distress among healthcare workers.
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
2.0K
Ethical Dilemmas II
2.3K
Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:
2.3K


