数字DNA系统有利于单向遗传的优越性,而不是"拉马尔克式"遗传
Aswathi Shiju1,2, Samantha D M Arras1, Allen G Rodrigo1
1School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
PLoS computational biology
|October 7, 2025
概括
人工DNA系统中的双向信息流增加了突变率,可能导致灭绝. 单向流,就像在自然生物学中一样,由于较少的突变错误,在进化上似乎更优越.
科学领域:
- 合成生物学 合成生物学
- 信息理论 信息理论
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 生物系统通常表现出从基因型 (DNA) 到表型 (蛋白质) 的单向信息流.
- 双向信息流,即表型变化可以改变基因型,在理论上是可能的,但在自然生活中没有观察到.
- 在DNA中的数字数据存储允许将表型变化写回DNA,从而实现双向流动.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究一个具有双向信息流的系统的进化特性.
- 为了比较单向和双向系统之间的突变率和进化动态.
- 探索对人工生物系统,DNA数据存储和拉马克遗传的可能性的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用合成DNA作为基因型和音乐作为表型创建一个人工系统.
- 实现双向信息流:DNA到音乐 (翻译) 和音乐到DNA (反向翻译).
- 对突变率的分析以及同名和非同名突变跨代的影响.
主要成果:
- 与单向系统相比,双向系统表现出明显更高的突变率.
- 反向翻译缺乏保护编码子选择的机制,从而消除了同义突变的好处.
- 发生在基因型和表型水平的非同义突变,在双向系统中翻了一番的突变频率.
结论:
- 双向信息流,特别是"de novo反向翻译",增加了DNA读写系统中的突变错误.
- 一个具有双向遗传的拉马克系统可能是短暂的,因为高突变率可能会导致灭绝.
- 正如在自然生物系统中所见的单向信息流,由于突变机会减少,提供了卓越的进化稳定性.
相关概念视频
01:39Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
59.6K
In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”
59.6K
01:29Non-nuclear Inheritance
23.0K
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
23.0K
01:49Law of Segregation
77.5K
When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
77.5K
02:59Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
9.0K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
9.0K
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
6.8K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
6.8K
02:05DNA as a Genetic Template
27.3K
Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
27.3K