抗原变异中的等级切换模式在可变宿主免疫力下为疟疾寄生虫提供了生存优势
Gayathri Priya Iragavarapu1, H J Varsha2, Shruthi Sridhar Vembar2
1International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India.
Physical biology
|October 7, 2025
概括
杆菌 (Plasmodium falciparum) 在各种基因变异之间切换以逃避免疫力. 这项研究揭示了一个分层的多种基因表达模式,通过优化免疫逃避策略,对寄生虫的生存至关重要.
科学领域:
- 疟疾学 疟疾学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 瓦尔基因家族编码PfEMP1,这是一个表面蛋白质,对Plasmodium falciparum毒性至关重要.
- 寄生虫可以切换不同的基因表达,以逃避宿主免疫力,并提出了优化生存的等级模式.
- 对于寄生虫生长和生存,这种层次的必要性仍然不完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查Plasmodium falciparum等级化的多种基因表达模式的机械基础.
- 为了确定这个层次结构是否受到宿主免疫反应的影响.
- 阐明不同基因切换在寄生虫毒性和免疫逃避中的作用.
主要方法:
- 使用马尔科夫链模型进行理论分析.
- 单细胞RNA-seq,RT-qPCR和RNA-seq数据的分析.
- 将宿主免疫反应动态整合到理论模型中.
主要成果:
- 建立了一个分层的多种基因表达模式,是P. falciparum中观察到的偏向切换的基础.
- 当免疫反应以可变的速度清除变异时,层次结构是有益的.
- 稳定变种,可能具有更高的IgM结合,在更高的水平上表达,而缓慢清除的变种则迅速下调.
结论:
- 这项研究为P. falciparum var基因的等级切换提供了机制性的解释.
- 这种层次结构有利于寄生虫的生存,因为它优化了免疫逃避.
- 宿主免疫压力显著影响寄生虫的各种基因表达策略.
更多相关视频
08:46Myeloid Cell Isolation from Mouse Skin and Draining Lymph Node Following Intradermal Immunization with Live Attenuated Plasmodium Sporozoites
Published on: May 18, 2016
18.2K
08:24Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response
Published on: January 12, 2017
8.3K
相关概念视频
01:27Diversity of Protists II
781
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
781
01:16Transduction
1.2K
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
1.2K
01:26Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
1.3K
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
1.3K
01:40Cell-mediated Immune Responses
83.5K
Overview
83.5K
01:23Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
8.5K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
8.5K
00:58Symbiosis
36.9K
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
36.9K