重新思考物种间的模两可
Marlen Fröhlich1, Gerhard Jäger2, Asya Achimova3
1Paleoanthropology Section, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstr. 23, Tübingen 72070, Germany; DFG Centre for Advanced Studies "Words, Bones, Genes, Tools", University of Tübingen, Rümelinstr. 23, Tübingen 72070, Germany.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
|October 7, 2025
概括
沟通中的模糊性,在人类和灵长类动物中都存在,这不是一个缺陷,而是一个进化的策略. 这种适应性特征平衡了跨物种的信号效率,信息性和灵活性.
科学领域:
- 进行比较的沟通交流.
- 进化语言学的语言学.
- 灵长类动物学 灵长类动物学
背景情况:
- 模糊性,即对多个信号解释的能力,传统上与人类语言有关.
- 最近的证据显示,在非人类的交流中,尤其是在灵长类动物中,存在广泛的模两可.
- 通过社会互动来阐明语境是动物交流中常见的.
研究的目的:
- 挑战对模两可的观点作为一种沟通缺陷.
- 提出模糊性作为一种跨物种的进化,适应性战略.
- 探索模两可的适应性好处和认知基础.
主要方法:
- 跨物种数据分析.
- 通信信号的概率模型.
- 灵长类通信系统的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 模糊性通过平衡信号成本,信息性和解释灵活性来提供适应性好处.
- 务实的模两可的解决方案可能早于人类语言.
- 共享的社会推理认知能力是模糊性解决的基础.
结论:
- 模两可是一种广泛的,适应性的沟通策略,并非人类特有的.
- 了解模两可作为一种比较现象,重新构思了语言演变的辩论.
- 认识到共享的适应压力突出了物种间通信系统的共同点.
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