超环:二皮拉嵌入的宏循环,具有类似环的灵活构造
Shuhai Qiu1, Li Zhang1, Da-Hui Qu1
1Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China dahui_qu@ecust.edu.cn wangzhaohui@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.
Chemical science
|October 8, 2025
概括
研究人员开发了新的二皮拉嵌入式宏循环,称为"超环",模仿环结构. 这些分子表现出独特的分子动力学和光物理性质,为复杂的分子结构提供了新的见解.
科学领域:
- 有机化学 有机化学
- 超分子化学 超分子化学
- 物理化学 物理化学
背景情况:
- 循环类分子对于理解分子几何和性质至关重要.
- 它们的不稳定形状在研究分子动力学方面提出了挑战.
- 探索复杂的分子行为需要新的宏循环结构.
研究的目的:
- 为了合成和表征新的二皮拉嵌入式宏循环 (
- 超环甲基 超环甲基 是一种
- ) 的情况.
- 为了研究这些独特的cycloalkanoid类型的分子动力学和光物理性质.
- 探索这些宏循环和富勒烯分子之间的潜在相互作用.
主要方法:
- 用X射线结晶学进行结构确认.
- 质子核磁共振 (1H NMR) 谱学用于溶液状态动态.
- 理论计算以支持实验发现.
- 光物理测量以确定电子属性.
主要成果:
- 合成的宏循环表现出类似于循环butan,循环pentan和循环hexane的状结构.
- 含有二皮拉的宏循环经历了不同的分子动态:环 (四个角) 和伪旋转 (五个角).
- 这些宏观循环显示出具有溶剂依赖的排放性质的捐赠者-接受者类型结构.
- 双皮拉角的V形π表面有助于与富勒分子的相互作用.
结论:
- 引入了一系列的
- 超环甲基 超环甲基 是一种
- ]具有可控制的"超级结构".
- 揭示了溶液中环类宏循环的复杂分子动力学.
- 证明了这些宏循环在超分子化学和材料科学中的潜力,因为它们具有独特的电子和相互作用特性.
相关概念视频
02:29Conformations of Cycloalkanes
14.1K
Adolf von Baeyer attempted to explain the instabilities of small and large cycloalkane rings using the concept of angle strain — the strain caused by the deviation of bond angles from the ideal 109.5° tetrahedral value for sp3 hybridized carbons. However, while cyclopropane and cyclobutane are strained, as expected from their highly compressed bond angles, cyclopentane is more strained than predicted, and cyclohexane is virtually strain-free. Hence, Baeyer’s theory that...
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02:28Cycloalkanes
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Cycloalkanes are saturated cyclic hydrocarbons with carbon atoms arranged in the form of rings. They have two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding acyclic alkane; therefore, their general formula is CnH2n. The structural formulas of cycloalkanes are simplified using the line-angle representation. The regular polygons are used to represent the cycloalkane rings, with each side representing a carbon-carbon bond.
The IUPAC nomenclature of cycloalkanes follows similar rules that apply to...
The IUPAC nomenclature of cycloalkanes follows similar rules that apply to...
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02:02Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane
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The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this...
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this...
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02:11Conformations of Cyclohexane
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Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
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02:30Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes
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This lesson discusses the stability of substituted cyclohexanes with a focus on energies of various conformers and the effect of 1,3-diaxial interactions.
The two chair conformations of cyclohexanes undergo rapid interconversion at room temperature. Both forms have identical energies and stabilities, each comprising equal amounts of the equilibrium mixture. Replacing a hydrogen atom with a functional group makes the two conformations energetically non-equivalent.
For example, in...
The two chair conformations of cyclohexanes undergo rapid interconversion at room temperature. Both forms have identical energies and stabilities, each comprising equal amounts of the equilibrium mixture. Replacing a hydrogen atom with a functional group makes the two conformations energetically non-equivalent.
For example, in...
14.7K
02:37Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism
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Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers....
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers....
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