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在春季大麦 (Hordeum vulgare L.) 的繁殖中诱导的突变发生

L A Tokhetova¹, N Z Sultan², G Z Baimbetova¹

¹Kazakh Research Institute of Rice Growing named after Ibrai Zhakhaev, Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan.

Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia

|October 8, 2025

概括

研究人员使用脉冲电子束来诱导植物的突变,开发出新的高产量突变系,抵抗压力. 这些改进品种的表现明显优于标准品种,缩短了繁殖时间.

科学领域:

植物育种和遗传学植物育种和遗传学
辐射生物学辐射生物学
农业科学农业科学

背景情况:

传统的育种方法可能会耗费大量时间.
诱导性突变发生提供了一种加速作物改善的潜在方法.
了解辐射效应是优化突变发生的关键.

研究的目的:

通过使用ILU-10电子加速器研究诱导突变发生的有效性,以创造新的植物品种.
为了识别和表征高产,耐压力突变系.
评估辐射剂量对突变原体有效性和植物特征的影响.

主要方法:

使用脉冲线性电子加速器ILU-10进行诱导突变发生.
暴露植物物质的吸收剂量在100至150 Gy之间.
评估突变系的生产力,非生物应激抵抗力和农学特征.
将突变系的表现与多代标准品种"Syr Aruy"进行比较.

主要成果:

鉴定出具有高度生产力的突变系,对非生物性压力因素表现出抵抗力.
与标准品种相比,观察到的产量增加6.1-11.6克/公.
在精英突变种群中,注意到了诸如身高,强的草和抵制性等可取的特征.
产量改善归因于每粒谷物重量增加和1000粒谷物重量增加.

结论:

使用ILU-10加速器的物理突变发生能有效地加速新作物品种的繁殖.
开发的突变品种表现出提高的生产力和对环境挑战的弹性.
选择突变系的直接繁殖为引入具有理想特征的改进品种提供了快速通道.

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