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相关概念视频

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
686
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

1.2K
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
1.2K
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

568
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
568
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

1.2K
The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
1.2K
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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相关实验视频

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Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats
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脊柱麻醉和区域血液动力学参数

Dilan Taş1, Yavuz Kelleci2, Tumay Umuroğlu2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erciş Şehit Rıdvan Çevik State Hospital, Van, Turkey.

Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
|October 8, 2025
PubMed
概括

脊柱麻醉 (SA) 增加后关动脉 (PTA) 血流,通过脉冲波多普勒 (PWD) 超声波测量. 这些发现表明PWD可以帮助评估SA区块的成功.

关键词:
在多普勒测试中,多普勒阻止成功,阻止成功.脉冲波是一种脉冲波.这是光谱波的光谱波.亚arachnoid 关节下的一个部分.超声波学 超声波学 超声波学

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Quantifying Acute Changes in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Central Nervous System Manipulations in Anesthetized Rats
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Real-Time Assessment of Spinal Cord Microperfusion in a Porcine Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion
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Quantifying Acute Changes in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Central Nervous System Manipulations in Anesthetized Rats
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科学领域:

  • 血管超声波学 血管超声波学
  • 麻醉学 麻醉学
  • 血液动力学 血液动力学

背景情况:

  • 脊柱麻醉 (SA) 诱导下肢的同情切除术,导致动脉血流增加.
  • 脉冲波多普勒 (PWD) 超声波 (USG) 可以检测出这些血液动力学变化.
  • 后动脉 (PTA) 是评估下肢血流的关键血管.

研究的目的:

  • 在SA后使用PWD调查PTA血流参数的变化.
  • 为了确定PWD测量是否与SA区块的成功相关.
  • 为了测试SA在PTA中增加缩和透缩流速的假设.

主要方法:

  • 包括30名年龄在18-65岁之间的患者,他们接受了SA的选择性手术.
  • 带有PWD的USG被用于测量PTA直径和多普勒参数 (PSV,EDV,Vmn,S/D,PI,RI).
  • 测量是在SA给药前,5分钟和10分钟后进行的.

主要成果:

  • SA改变了PTA光谱波形,从三相变为单相.
  • 船舶直径和流速 (PSV,EDV,Vmn) 在SA后显著增加 (p < .001).
  • 脉动率指数 (PI),电阻率指数 (RI) 和S/D比率在SA后显著下降 (p < .001),与区块深度相关.

结论:

  • SA显著改变了PTA光谱波形,直径和多普勒流速参数.
  • 普德对PTA的评估显示,作为评估SA区块成功的补充工具,它是有希望的.
  • 这种技术在SA使用的有沟通障碍的患者中特别有用.