人工智能在护理中的潜力:在秋季风险评估中的多中心评估
Ivana Nanevski1, Sebastian Jäger1, Matthias Schulte-Althoff2,3
1Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Berlin, Germany.
Journal of medical Internet research
|October 8, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 模型与医院的传统方法相比,大大提高了跌倒风险预测. 虽然跨性别公平,但人工智能模型显示了与年龄相关的性能差异,突出了对多样化数据的需求.
科学领域:
- 老年医学 老年医学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 临床决策支持系统 临床决策支持系统
背景情况:
- 跌倒是老年人受伤死亡的主要原因,有限的员工阻碍了及时的预防.
- 人工智能 (AI) 提供了提高降落风险评估和护理护理资源分配的潜力.
- 现有的人工智能研究通常使用有限的单一机构数据,影响概括性和公平性评估.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用大型异质数据集,实证评估人工智能在护理方面的潜力,以预测跌倒风险.
- 分析不同医院 (大学和老年医院) 的AI模型性能和安全性.
- 评估人工智能模型在人口群体 (特别是性别和年龄) 中的公平性.
主要方法:
- 利用来自大学医院 (931,726名参与者) 和老年医院 (12,773名参与者) 的两个大型数据集.
- 使用单独培训,再培训和联合学习 (FL) 方法训练了最先进的AI模型.
- 将AI模型的性能与现有的基于规则的临床系统进行比较,并进行公平性分析.
主要成果:
- 在这两组数据中,人工智能模型在降落风险预测方面始终优于基于规则的系统.
- 联合学习 (FL) 在这个特定的研究背景下没有提高预测性能.
- 公平性分析显示,性别组之间的表现均等,但年龄组之间发现了显著的差异.
结论:
- 人工智能模型在各种临床环境中表现出高于传统方法的降落风险预测性能.
- 鉴定了由于人口变化和数据不平衡而导致的人工智能模型概括的挑战.
- 未来的发展必须解决数据不平衡,并确保公平,可泛化的人工智能工具的更广泛的人口代表性.
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