抗癌药在癌症中:机制,应用和未来的方向
Roshni Bibi1, Lakshmi Varshetha1, Rakshit Kamal Lahary1
1Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
概括
表观遗传修饰影响癌症的发展,并且是可逆的,这使得它们成为有希望的治疗点. 本综述探讨了像DNMTis和HDACis这样的流行病药物,它们的机制,以及在各种癌症中的临床应用.
科学领域:
- 表观遗传学和癌症生物学
- 药理学和治疗学 药理学和治疗学
背景情况:
- 表观遗传修饰 (DNA甲基化,基因质修饰,非编码RNA调节) 在癌症发病和进展中至关重要.
- 这些可逆变化提供了与基因突变不同的治疗机会.
研究的目的:
- 审查各种类型的药物,包括DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂 (DNMTis),基因素脱乙酶抑制剂 (HDACis),基因素甲基转移酶抑制剂 (HMTis) 和BET抑制剂.
- 总结这些抗癌药物在各种癌症中的作用机制,治疗潜力和临床应用.
- 解决瘤学表观遗传疗法面临的挑战和未来方向.
主要方法:
- 对针对表观遗传途径的流行病药物进行全面的文献综述.
- 对临床前和临床数据的分析,对药物疗效和毒性进行分析.
- 探索与传统疗法,免疫疗法和向治疗的结合策略.
主要成果:
- 在治疗固体瘤 (乳腺,肺,结肠直肠,大脑) 和血液恶性瘤 (AML,多发性骨髓瘤) 中,epidrugs显示出潜力.
- 这些药物可以逆转基因沉默,克服耐药性,并提高瘤对现有治疗方法的敏感性.
- 挑战包括药物毒性,非目标效应和获得的耐药性,需要谨慎管理.
结论:
- 抗癌药物代表了癌症治疗的重大进步,为控制异常基因表达提供了新的机制.
- 个性化表观遗传疗法,以瘤特异性表观基因组分析为指导,为量身定制的治疗策略提供了希望.
- 通过组合疗法克服当前的局限性和解决毒性是最大限度地提高癌症治疗中表观遗传学方法的临床益处的关键.
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