在基于人工智能的防御系统生命周期的早期阶段建立人类责任和问责制
1Mag10 Consulting, Denver, United States.
概括
对防卫人工智能的讨论必须将重点从系统使用转移到早期生命周期阶段. 在整个人工智能生命周期中,让人类决策者负责对负责任的自主和智能系统 (AIS) 至关重要.
科学领域:
- 军事技术的军事技术.
- 人工智能伦理学 人工智能伦理学
- 国际安全国际安全.
背景情况:
- 关于人工智能在武器系统中的国际辩论集中在人类控制,责任和自主和智能系统 (AIS) 的问责制上.
- 目前的讨论主要集中在假设的AIS的"使用点",忽视了整个AIS生命周期中的人类决策.
- 这种适用于常规武器的反应性方法,对于人工智能系统来说是不够的,因为在不同开发阶段的人类控制有很大差异.
研究的目的:
- 倡导在军事领域对人工智能的国际辩论中进行范式转变.
- 在AIS的整个生命周期中强调人类决策和问责的重要性.
- 提出一种主动的方法来管理与AIS相关的伦理和法律问题.
主要方法:
- 分析当前围绕AIS的伦理和法律讨论.
- 检查AIS生命周期中的人类参与,从研究和设计到测试和采购.
- 制定关于加强人力责任和规划的建议.
主要成果:
- 目前对AIS的"使用点"的关注不足以解决复杂的控制和问责问题.
- 在早期阶段 (研究,设计,测试,采购) 的人类决策提供了更直接的控制和降低风险的机会.
- 转向整个生命周期的问责制是必要的,以积极减少不适当的AIS行动的可能性.
结论:
- 解决人工智能在防御方面的担忧需要采取积极主动,以生命周期为导向的方法来参与人类参与.
- 在AIS开发的各个阶段,人类决策者必须对其角色负责.
- 建议包括采用IEEE-SA生命周期框架,考虑政策节点,并实施人类准备水平.
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