肺炎严重程度的机器学习评估:在医学成像和数据资源中心的子组表现,对肺瘤主意挑战的放射性评估进行了修改
Karen Drukker1, Samuel G Armato1, Lubomir Hadjiiski2
1The University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States.
Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.)
|October 9, 2025
概括
针对COVID-19严重程度评估的机器学习模型显示出强的表现,但揭示了人口亚组之间的偏见. 偏差分析对于确保人工智能医疗工具的公平性至关重要.
科学领域:
- 医疗成像中的人工智能
- 机器学习用于疾病评估.
- 放射图像分析 放射图像分析
背景情况:
- 医学成像和数据资源中心大脑大挑战专注于自动化COVID-19严重性评估,使用修改的肺的放射性评估 (mRALE) 在胸部X-ray (CXRs) 上得分.
- 为医疗图像分析开发准确和公正的AI工具对于临床决策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估为COVID-19严重程度评估开发的机器学习模型的性能.
- 调查这些模型在各种人口学子组中的潜在偏差.
主要方法:
- 九个机器学习模型在814个CXR测试组上进行了评估,这些CXR对mRALE分数进行了注释.
- 使用二次加权卡帕 (QWK) 测量绩效.
- 使用QWK子组差异,机会平等差异 (EOD) 和性别,年龄,种族和种族等人口统计数据的平均绝对几率差异 (AAOD) 来评估偏见.
主要成果:
- 所有九种模型都与放射科医生的评估有很好的一致性 (QWK 0.74~0.88).
- 获胜的模型获得了最高的QWK (0.884) 并是唯一没有QWK识别偏差的模型.
- 尽管整体表现高,但包括获胜者在内的几种模型显示,根据EOD和AAOD指标,对特定的人口亚组存在偏见.
结论:
- 该挑战突出了机器学习在CXRs的COVID-19严重性评估中的潜力.
- 发现了显著的子组差异,强调了人工智能医疗应用中严格偏见分析的必要性.
- 公平性评估是必不可少的,因为具有可比准确性的模型可以表现出不同程度的偏差.
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