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在国际空间站宇航员中预测太空飞行相关的神经眼综合征

Tyson J Brunstetter¹, Sara S Mason², Suzi Osborne³

¹NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.

JAMA ophthalmology

|October 9, 2025

概括

以前被诊断为与太空飞行相关的神经眼综合征 (SANS) 的宇航员很可能在随后的长期太空飞行 (LDSF) 上再次被诊断出来. 这一发现为SANS提供了第一个可靠的预测,使个性化飞行治疗成为可能.

科学领域:

太空医学太空医学
眼科医生眼科眼科
宇航员健康宇航员健康

背景情况:

与太空飞行相关的神经眼综合征 (SANS) 对长期太空飞行 (LDSF) 期间宇航员的表现构成重大风险.
目前尚不完全了解SANS的根本原因,目前缺乏可靠的预测因素.
预测SANS易感性对于开发有针对性的飞行治疗和了解个体变异性至关重要.

研究的目的:

分析SANS飞行数据,以查看诊断和视盘 (ODE) 严重程度的任务对任务趋势.
确定在接受LDSF的宇航员中SANS发展的潜在预测因素.

主要方法:

一项回顾性队列研究分析了NASA宇航员在ISS (2007-2024) 上完成两次LDSF任务的眼睛测试数据 (包括OCT).
数据包括飞行前,飞行期间和飞行后的评估.
主要结局是SANS诊断,由基于OCT的ODE数据确定.

主要成果:

在完成两次LDSF任务的16名宇航员中,之前的SANS诊断准确地预测了随后的SANS诊断 (85.7%的灵敏度,100%的特异性).
宇航员的一个子集在两次任务中都显示出高度一致的光盘 (ODE) 严重程度 (用 ΔTRT 测量) (r=0.94).
这些发现表明,在之前和随后的长期任务中,SANS状态之间存在很强的相关性.

结论:

之前的SANS诊断是随后的LDSF任务中SANS的强有力的预测因素,反之亦然.
与SANS相关的光盘的严重程度似乎在多个任务中的个体宇航员中是一致的.
这项研究为SANS提供了第一个可靠的预测,为宇航员提供了定制的预防和治疗策略.

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