皮质下大脑异常和精神病患者及其未受影响的亲属的认知功能:一种规范型建模方法
Andreea Maria Stǎnicǎ1, Natalie Remiszewski2, Chen Shen3
1Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States of America.
在精神病试验者和亲属中,皮层下大脑结构的差异因地区而异. 海马的偏差可能表明遗传风险,而其他区域的偏差似乎是精神病的特征,影响了这两组人的认知能力.
科学领域:
- 神经成像是一种神经成像.
- 精神病学遗传学 精神病学遗传学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 之前的研究表明,在患有精神病的个体 (试验者) 和他们的未受影响一级亲属中,皮质下结构性异常存在.
- 有限的研究直接比较了试验者和亲属之间的皮下偏差模式及其认知关联.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查皮层下偏差模式是否在多个区域之间以及探针和亲属之间相似.
- 为了确定皮层下偏差和认知之间的关系是否在试验者和未受影响的亲属之间是一致的.
主要方法:
- 使用了从精神病人类连接组项目 (Psychosis Human Connectome Project) 的数据 (127名试验者,86名亲属,50名对照) 的规范建模方法.
- 对五个下皮层区域 (海马体,丘脑,杏仁体,核等) 的检查偏差得分.
- 使用精神分裂症认知简要评估 (BACS) 评估认知表现.
主要成果:
- 皮层下偏差的模式在探测器和亲属之间有所不同;探测器在海马体,丘陵体和杏仁体中显示出更多的负偏差.
- 与规范相比,探测器和亲属都表现出负的海马偏差,但只有探测器在质体,杏仁体和核中显示出负的偏差.
- 海马体和丘脑的负偏差与两个组的认知表现较差有关.
结论:
- 皮层下结构偏差在不同区域之间或在试验对象和亲属之间不均.
- 阴性海马的偏差可能反映了精神病的遗传风险,而体,杏仁体和核突的偏差似乎是精神病特异性的.
- 皮层下结构异常可能导致精神病患者及其亲属的认知缺陷.
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