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在临床环境中以营养为重点的上游干预措施,在最初的1000天内预防肥胖:一个范围审查
Courtney T Luecking1, Chelsea L Kracht2, Mackenzie J Ferrante3
1Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
|October 9, 2025
概括
在临床环境中的上游干预措施显示出改善幼儿营养和预防肥胖的前景. 需要对这些政策,系统和环境方法的长期有效性和维持进行更多的研究.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
背景情况:
- 生命早期的营养 (怀孕至2岁) 对生长和肥胖风险至关重要.
- 上游干预措施 (政策,系统,环境) 可以促进公平的营养,但在临床环境中研究不足.
- 生命的前1000天代表了干预的关键窗口.
研究的目的:
- 在临床环境中,在最初的1000天内,以营养为重点的上游干预措施来预防肥胖.
- 评估这些干预措施的广度,通用性和方法严格性.
- 确定促进健康营养和生长的有效策略.
主要方法:
- 对政策,系统和/或环境方法的8个数据库 (搜索时间:2022年11月) 的范围审查.
- 包括126项研究 (185份报告),重点关注临床环境中的前1000天.
- 提取了关于研究特征,覆盖范围,有效性,采用,实施,维护和质量的数据 (Downs和黑名单).
主要成果:
- 干预措施经常结合系统 (98%),环境 (56%) 和个人 (87%) 在产前,医院或初级保健中的方法.
- 超过一半 (62%) 的目标是处于社会不利地位的家庭.
- 对养习惯 (71%) 和饮食 (70%) 的积极影响比对体重/生长结果 (31-48%) 的积极影响更为频繁.
- 结果报告的变化限制了有效性结论;维护很少被报告.
- 研究质量从差到好各不相同.
结论:
- 在临床护理中集成的以营养为重点的上游干预措施显示出支持健康行为和成长的潜力.
- 扩大这些方法需要进一步实施和评估,特别是整合社会和医疗保健的政策努力.
- 在临床环境之外的合作对于在生命早期实现公平的营养和健康的成长至关重要.
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