使用病理学基础模型的多实例学习有效预测病诊断和临床分类.
Yu Kurata1, Imari Mimura2,3, Satoshi Kodera4
1Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
Scientific reports
|October 9, 2025
概括
病理学基础模型与多重实例学习 (MIL) 结合,显示出优越的病诊断性能. 这些模型准确地识别了相关结构,并在内部和外部验证研究中优于传统方法.
科学领域:
- 数字病理学数字病理学
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 脏病理学 脏病理学
背景情况:
- 病理学基础模型,在广泛的数据集上进行预训练,在各种任务中表现出色.
- 多个实例学习 (MIL) 是一种机器学习方法,适用于分析像整个幻灯片图像 (WSI) 这样的大型图像数据.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估病理学基础模型的有效性,与MIL集成用于病理学分析.
- 将基础模型的诊断性能与ResNet50.0等传统方法进行比较.
主要方法:
- 利用KPMP和日本病理学AI诊断项目的242个脏WSI进行开发,包括健康对照,急性间歇性炎和糖尿病病 (DKD).
- 采用预训练的病理基础模型作为补丁编码器,将其与ImageNet预训练的ResNet50.0进行比较.
- 训练有素的MIL模型使用提取的补丁特征进行诊断分类,并对83个WSI的外部队列进行验证.
主要成果:
- 基础模型在内部验证中实现了接收器运行特征曲线 (AUROC) 下的面积>0.980,明显优于ResNet50.
- 在外部验证中,基础模型保持了高性能,而ResNet50的性能下降.
- 注意热图证实了基础模型识别诊断相关脏结构的能力.
- 基础模型还在预测明显蛋白尿症方面表现出卓越的表现.
结论:
- 将病理学基础模型与MIL集成,为病理学提供了强大的诊断能力.
- 基础模型在病分析的传统方法上提供了显著的进步,在外部验证中显示了弹性.
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