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中国早产新生儿死亡率的城乡差异:一项回顾性研究

Yuxi Liu¹, Leni Kang¹, Yanna Zou²

¹National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.

|October 10, 2025

概括

在中国,从2010年到2021年,早产婴儿新生儿死亡率下降. 农村地区的比例仍然较高,但差距正在缩小,这表明在减少差异方面取得了进展.

科学领域:

公共卫生公共卫生
新生儿医学新生儿医学
流行病学流行病学

背景情况:

新生儿死亡率 (NMR) 是一个关键的母婴健康指标.
过早分娩是全球和中国新生儿死亡的主要原因.
自2010年以来,中国已经实施了减少NMR的政策,但早产死亡率的城乡差异需要进一步调查.

研究的目的:

分析2010年至2021年中国大陆早产新生儿的国家和地方因特定死亡率.
调查早产死亡率的城乡差异.
为消除新生儿死亡的有针对性的战略提供数据.

主要方法:

来自中国母婴健康监测系统 (MCHSS) 的经验数据的回顾性分析.
检查国家和地方一级的特定原因死亡率,出生地和治疗水平.
专注于早产新生儿 (怀孕≥28周或出生体重≥1000克).

主要成果:

由于早产并发症而导致的新生儿死亡率从2010年至2021年在农村地区 (从289到88/100,000) 和城市地区 (从126到41/100,000) 显著下降.
虽然农村的比例仍然较高,但在研究期间,NMR的绝对差距缩小了.
2021年,城市地区的省级医院分娩率 (95.5%) 与农村地区 (60.2%) 相比较高,农村地区的县级诊断相应减少.

结论:

在中国的早产新生儿中存在持续的城乡差异,具体原因死亡率和妊娠年龄分布.
调查结果强调需要有针对性的战略来解决这些差异,并进一步减少新生儿死亡率.
该研究提供了关键数据,以支持地方政府制定有效干预措施.

关键词:

新生儿死亡新生儿死亡过早出生的新生儿城市/农村的差异.

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