在低风险的捐赠人群中如何解释输血传染性传染病检测?
Carmen L Charlton1,2,3,4,5, Mark Bigham6, Sheila F O'Brien7,8
1Microbiology, Donation Policy & Studies, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Transfusion
|October 10, 2025
概括
了解错误的反应性和非反应性献血者查结果至关重要. 适当的测定验证和监测传染病率可以最大限度地减少错误并保护血液供应.
科学领域:
- 临床实验室科学 临床实验室科学
- 输血药物 输血药物 输血药物
- 传染病查 传染病查
背景情况:
- 与一般公众相比,献血者是传染病发病率较低的人群.
- 捐赠前查和推迟政策会影响捐赠者的疾病患病率.
- 测试性能受到人口流行的影响,而不仅仅是分析灵敏度和特异性.
研究的目的:
- 为了解释献血者查试验的特征.
- 探索献血测试中错误反应和非反应结果的原因.
- 强调监测传染病阳性率的重要性.
主要方法:
- 对献血者查试验特征的审查.
- 对导致错误反应性和非反应性测试结果的因素分析.
- 案例研究证明了减轻实验室测试错误的情况.
主要成果:
- 错误的反应结果在低患病率人群中更为常见,原因是积极预测值减少.
- 错误的非反应性结果可能源于质量控制失败,供体病理生理学或样本处理错误.
- 确认测试对于区分真实感染与虚假反应结果至关重要.
结论:
- 完整的测试验证和验证对于减轻供体影响至关重要.
- 对于实验室专业人员来说,了解当地环境中的测试功能是关键.
- 追踪和监测传染病阳性率对于血液安全至关重要.
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