咖啡和健康结果:孟德尔的随机化研究的系统审查
Kitty Pham1,2, Nigussie Assefa Kassaw1,3, Anwar Mulugeta1,2,4
1Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical & Health Sciences, https://ror.org/01p93h210University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Nutrition research reviews
|October 10, 2025
概括
这一系统性审查绘制了有关咖啡消费和健康的遗传证据. 咖啡摄入量可能与某些癌症和2型糖尿病等疾病的风险增加有关,但可能会降低其他疾病的风险.
科学领域:
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
- 遗传流行病学遗传流行病学
- 系统审查方法论 系统审查方法论
背景情况:
- 咖啡是全球流行的饮料,其健康影响受到争论.
- 遗传证据提供了一个强大的方法来调查咖啡消费与健康结果之间的因果关系.
- 关于咖啡对健康的影响的先前研究是广泛的,但往往缺乏明确的因果推断.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和绘制有关习惯性咖啡消费对健康影响的现有遗传证据.
- 用孟德尔随机化 (MR) 和其他方法评估咖啡摄入量与各种疾病或生物标志物之间的关联的确定性和稳定性.
- 综合广泛的健康状况的研究结果,为未来的研究和公共卫生指导提供信息.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Embase,Cochrane,CINAHL) 和预印库中进行全面的文献搜索,截至2022年9月30日.
- 包含了59项研究,检查了160个与咖啡消费相关的疾病或生物标志物关联.
- 使用修改的GRADE工具评估证据确定性,并通过MR敏感性分析评估关联稳定性.
主要成果:
- 可能的证据将咖啡消费与阿尔茨海默病,亨廷顿病 (早期发病),食道和消化道癌症,2型糖尿病,关节炎,类风湿性关节炎,更年期障碍,玻璃眼和高胆固醇水平 (总,LDL,ApoB) 的风险增加联系在一起.
- 在肝细胞癌,卵巢癌,偏头痛,脏疾病和胆结石疾病中发现了保护性关联.
- 一项研究表明,与较小的灰质大脑体积有关.
结论:
- 遗传证据表明,咖啡消费与各种健康结果之间存在复杂的关系,观察到增加的风险和保护作用.
- 需要进一步的研究来阐明潜在的生物机制,特别是在多样化的 (非欧洲) 种群中.
- 加强对MR研究的系统审查方法对于未来的遗传流行病学研究至关重要.
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