住院老年人的认知能力下降:一个全面的综述
Sara Escriche-Martinez1, Unai Diaz-Orueta2, Carlos Gala-Serra3
1Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain.
概括
住院的老年人经常经历认知衰退. 本次审查强调了广泛的流行率 (10-85%) 和多样化的评估方法,强调需要标准化查协议以更好地检测.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 住院治疗对老年人的认知能力下降有很大的风险,即使是那些没有先前条件的人.
- 在住院的老年人中,未被诊断的认知衰退的患病率可以达到30%.
- 年龄是一个已知的因素,但疾病的严重程度和停留时间也会导致认知障碍.
研究的目的:
- 在住院的老年人中绘制认知衰退的流行情况.
- 确定用于医院内认知评估的常用评估方法和工具.
- 确定与这种脆弱人群的认知衰退相关的因素.
主要方法:
- 根据乔安娜·布里格斯研究所 (JBI) 和PRISMA-ScR指南进行范围审查.
- 包括2018年1月至2025年3月期间发表的研究,重点关注65岁以上的个人.
- 使用诸如迷你心理状态检查 (MMSE) 和蒙特利尔认知评估 (MoCA) 等认知评估的30项研究的叙述综合.
主要成果:
- 认知障碍的患病率差异很大,从10%到85%,受评估工具和患者特征的影响.
- 迷你心理状态检查 (MMSE) 和蒙特利尔认知评估 (MoCA) 是最常见的查工具.
- 相关因素包括晚年,并发症,虚弱和先前存在的认知问题.
结论:
- 在住院老年人认知能力下降的评估和报告中存在显著的异质性.
- 目前的方法限制了跨研究的可比性和临床相关性.
- 标准化查协议和改进的方法一致性对于准确的检测和管理至关重要.
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