肯定行动废除和美国医学院招生中的种族和民族多样性
Natalie Florescu1,2, Andrea Lin1, Samantha Temucin3
1Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
JAMA network open
|October 10, 2025
概括
最高法院是最高法院.
科学领域:
- 医学教育 医学教育
- 医疗保健 公平 医疗保健 公平
- 健康差异 在健康上的差异
背景情况:
- 美国最高法院2023年在"学生争取公平招生诉哈佛大学"案中做出的决定结束了肯定行动,影响了医学教育中的多样性.
- 多元化的医生劳动力对于改善医疗保健公平性和患者结果至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析最高法院裁决对进入医学博士 (MD) 和骨科医学博士 (DO) 课程的学生种族和民族多样性的影响.
- 为了比较裁决之前和之后的入学趋势.
主要方法:
- 对2020年至2024年医学院申请和入学的公开数据进行了横截面分析.
- 数据来源于美国医学院协会 (AAMC) 和美国骨科医学院协会 (AACOM).
- 研究了五个学术应用周期,其中四个周期代表了裁决前的趋势.
主要成果:
- 在MD和DO计划中,在医学院申请和入学方面观察到显著的种族和种族差异.
- 在2023-2024和2024-2025学年之间,MD入学率下降了11.6%的黑人学生和10.8%的西班牙裔学生.
- 除了白人和亚裔申请人外,所有种族和民族群体在申请和入学中都不足.
结论:
- 在最高法院的裁决之后,多样性的下降危害了医疗保健公平的进展.
- 医学院应该采用其他招生策略,如整体审查,以解决结构性障碍.
- 如果不能增强多样性,可能会加剧现有的健康差异.
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