美国劳动力市场上COVID-19工作缺席的持久结果
Julia M Dennett1,2, Evan J Soltas3,4, Gopi Shah Goda5
1Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.
JAMA network open
|October 10, 2025
概括
持续的COVID-19传播继续导致美国的大量工作缺席和劳动力退出. 这些影响在流行病后仍然存在,强调需要继续采取缓解策略来保护工人.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 虽然COVID-19大流行对美国劳动力市场产生了重大影响,但目前正在进行的SARS-CoV-2循环效应仍然不太了解.
- 了解疫情后的劳动力市场动态对于经济稳定和工人福祉至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 量化工作缺勤的程度和劳动力参与率的变化,这些变化归因于美国持续的COVID-19流通.
- 分析COVID-19流行率与劳动力市场结果之间的关联,超出了官方的流行病时期.
主要方法:
- 一项队列研究,利用从事就业的美国受访者每月的当前人口调查数据 (2010年1月至2024年12月).
- 将劳动力数据与疾病控制和预防中心的废水监测数据联系起来,以测量COVID-19的流行率.
- 使用带有状态和月固定效应的线性回归来分析与健康有关的缺勤和劳动力退出.
主要成果:
- 与COVID-19循环的跟踪显示,与健康相关的工作缺席在流行病后的时期比流行病前的水平高12.9%.
- 工作人员在高暴露职业 (低在家工作,高接近) 经历了增加的缺席.
- 由于与健康相关的缺席导致劳动力退出,在后流行时期增加了13.1%.
结论:
- 美国劳动力市场已经建立了一个全年工作缺勤的新基线,与大流行前的流感季节相比.
- 政策制定者必须考虑COVID-19对工人的持续后果,并实施工作场所缓解策略.
- 具有全国代表性的劳动力市场数据可以作为监测公共卫生危机影响的宝贵工具.
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