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乳牛生产中的生物安全:范围审查
B Alexander Fonseca Martinez1, Alejandra Arevalo Mayorga1, Jessica Page2
1Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Preventive veterinary medicine
|October 10, 2025
概括
乳牛养殖中的生物安全对于预防乳牛群中的传染病至关重要. 这一审查强调了对内部措施的重视,敦促标准化报告和更多关于生产者知识的研究,以改善小牛的健康.
科学领域:
- 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学
- 动物科学动物科学
- 农业生物安全 农业生物安全
背景情况:
- 传染病是乳制品生产的主要威胁,特别是对于免疫系统不成熟的小牛来说.
- 有效的生物安全措施至关重要,以防止病原体在小牛养殖操作中的引入和传播.
- 最近在美国乳牛群中爆发的流感疫情强调了评估当前生物安全实践的必要性.
研究的目的:
- 为乳牛养殖中报告的生物安全实践提供全面的概述.
- 评估小牛生产者关于生物安全的知识和态度.
- 确定研究中的差距和改善乳牛的生物安全协议的领域.
主要方法:
- 对同行评审的研究进行范围审查,报告密集农业系统中的生物安全实践或生产者知识/态度.
- 包括专注于乳牛生产的研究,主要来自美国,加拿大,澳大利亚和爱尔兰.
- 分析了983个已识别的引用中的49个研究,重点是荷尔斯坦小牛.
主要成果:
- 内部生物安全措施 (例如,住房,母乳管理) 被广泛研究,特别是在断奶前的小牛.
- 外部生物安全实践 (例如隔离,害虫控制,消毒) 在文献中不足.
- 只有23%的研究明确将实践确定为生物安全措施,这表明报告中的差异很大.
结论:
- 对于在乳牛生产中报告生物安全实践的标准化框架至关重要.
- 对生产者的态度和知识进行进一步的研究对于加强生物安全实施至关重要.
- 改善生物安全协议将减少传染病的传播,并提高乳牛的整体健康和生产力.
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