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营养状况和慢性病的新发病
Atsuya Sato1, Kenichi Tanaka2, Hiroshi Kimura2
1Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
Clinical nutrition ESPEN
|October 10, 2025
概括
根据PNI,GNRI或CONUT得分评估的营养状况不佳,在高风险人群中显著增加患慢性病 (CKD) 的风险. 营养评估可以帮助识别那些患有CKD风险较高的人.
科学领域:
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學專業.
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 营养不良与不良健康结果有关,但其在慢性病 (CKD) 发展中的具体作用尚未完全理解.
- 慢性病影响着相当一部分人群,早期识别风险因素对于预防至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查营养状况与患有CKD的成年人的CKD发病率之间的关联,这些成年人具有先前存在的CKD风险因素.
- 评估常见营养指数的预测性能,以识别患有CKD风险的个体.
主要方法:
- 从福岛队列研究中对1,046名患有CKD风险因素和估计的球过率 (eGFR) ≥60mL/min/1.73m2的成年人的纵向分析.
- 用预后营养指数 (PNI),老年营养风险指数 (GNRI) 和控制营养状况 (CONUT) 评分来评估营养状况.
- 使用了考克斯的比例危险建模和接收机操作特征 (ROC) 曲线分析.
主要成果:
- 在平均5.2年的随访期间,325名参与者患有CKD.
- 最低的PNI三位数与CKD风险显著增加有关 (调整后危险比率为1.65).
- GNRI和CONUT得分也显示了与CKD风险的类似关联,预测性能与PNI相似.
结论:
- 营养状况不佳是具有先前存在风险因素的个体中CKD发展的重要风险因素.
- 像PNI,GNRI和CONUT这样的营养指数可以有效地识别患有CKD风险较高的人.
- 这些发现表明,营养评估和干预措施可能在CKD预防策略中发挥作用.
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