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滴酶1是猪冠状病毒的功能性受体

Jérémy Dufloo¹, Ignacio Fernández², Atousa Arbabian²

¹Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, CSIC-Universitat de València, Paterna, València, Spain.

Nature microbiology

|October 10, 2025

概括

猪血凝结性脑炎病毒 (PHEV) 使用二酶1 (DPEP1) 作为其入口受体,与其他胚胎病毒不同. 这一发现揭示了Embecovirus亚属内的新型受体特异性.

科学领域:

病毒学病毒学
结构生物学结构生物学
分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

胚胎病毒,包括人类季节性冠状病毒,是重要的病原体.
酸通常被认为是胚胎病毒进入的必要条件,但蛋白质受体在很大程度上是未知的.
猪血液凝结性脑炎病毒 (PHEV) 是这一亚属内的重要兽医病原体.

研究的目的:

为了识别PHEV用于细胞进入的特定蛋白质受体.
为了研究PHEV-受体相互作用的结构基础.
了解embbecovirus尖端蛋白在受体结合中的进化灵活性.

主要方法:

使用冷电子显微镜 (Cryo-EM) 来确定PHEV尖端剪切器的结构.
采用X射线晶体学来解决与其受体复杂的受体结合域 (RBD) 的结构.
进行生物化学测试以确认受体的使用和特异性.

主要成果:

PHEV不需要酸进入;相反,它使用二酶1 (DPEP1) 作为其受体.
克里奥-EM显示,PHEV尖端剪切器存在于开放式和闭合式的构造.
结构分析显示,尽管RBD的序列可变性很高,但对受体结合的元素保留了,DPEP1的使用是PHEV特定的.

结论:

滴酶1 (DPEP1) 是猪血凝结性脑炎病毒 (PHEV) 的功能性受体.
胚胎病毒尖蛋白的结构可塑性使其能够适应新的受体特异性.
这一发现扩大了我们对冠状病毒进入机制和宿主-病原体相互作用的理解.

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