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相关概念视频

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

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Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
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Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
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The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

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The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a...
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MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
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Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

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Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...
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RLCKs化RopGEFs以控制依赖auxin的阿拉比多普西斯的发展.

Xiaojing Zhang1,2, Hao Jiang1,2, Guangqi Zhu1,2

  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for the Development Biology and Environmental Adaptation of Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.

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概括

植物激素辅酶通过ROPGEF1酸化激活ROP分子开关. 四种类似受体的细胞质激酶 (RAK) 稳定了RopGEF1,增强了辅酶信号传递和植物发育.

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科学领域:

  • 植物生物学 植物生物学
  • 分子植物科学 分子植物科学
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 素是一种关键的植物激素,调节发育.
  • ROP GTPases及其激活剂 (ROPGEFs) 是辅酶信号通路的关键.
  • 将auxin感知与ROP激活联系在一起的精确机制仍然不完全理解.

研究的目的:

  • 调查ROPGEF1酸化在辅酶信号传递中的作用.
  • 为了确定负责RopGEF1酸化的激酶.
  • 阐明这种调节机制在植物发育中的功能意义.

主要方法:

  • 酸化试验检测RopGEF1被auxin修饰.
  • 识别和描述RopGEF1-激活激酶 (RAKs) 的特性.
  • 使用淘汰突变 (rak四重突变) 和模仿RopGEF1 (S488D) 表达的基因分析.

主要成果:

  • 奥因诱导RopGEF1酸化,由四个RLCK (RAK) 介导.
  • RAKs在S488化RopGEF1,增强其稳定性和膜招募,从而促进ROP激活.
  • RAK淘汰突变体在辅酶分布和发育中表现出缺陷,这些缺陷被模仿RopGEF1.1所拯救.

结论:

  • RLCK-RopGEF1相互作用是辅酶信号传递中的关键调节节点.
  • 这种酸化事件代表了ROP介导的辅酶反应中的关键缺失环节.
  • 了解这种途径可以了解植物生长和发育控制.