危害健康的歧视或偏见? 意大利的一项信函实验
Paolo Buonanno1, Flavio Porta1, Marcello Puca2
1University of Bergamo, Italy.
Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|October 11, 2025
概括
传染病威胁在COVID-19期间加剧了歧视. 意大利的早期COVID-19显示出对来自严重受影响地区的人的偏见,影响了旅游提供商.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 传染病爆发可能会引发社会耻辱和歧视行为.
- 了解健康威胁与歧视之间的联系对于公共卫生准备至关重要.
- 意大利的早期COVID-19为检查疾病驱动的歧视提供了一个相关的案例研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查传染病威胁如何蔓延到歧视性行为.
- 检查COVID-19早期旅游部门歧视中原产地和姓氏的作用.
- 确定将疾病避免与社会刻板印象和偏见联系在一起的机制.
主要方法:
- 一个电子邮件通信实验,涉及意大利的5356家旅游提供商.
- 随机变化发送者的位置和姓名,以在第一个COVID-19浪潮期间信号来自不同受影响地区的来源.
- 分析基于来源信号和姓氏特征的回复和拒绝率.
主要成果:
- 来自受严重影响地区的信号来源请求收到的回复数量减少了约5%,而拒绝的回复数量更多.
- 歧视主要集中在听起来像北方的姓氏上,而听起来像同一个城市的南方姓氏没有受到惩罚.
- 证据表明偏见,而不是同时感染风险的合理查,推动了歧视.
结论:
- 疾病预防机制可以激活社会刻板印象,导致健康危害歧视.
- 这种歧视可以阻止寻求健康的行为,破坏公平获得服务的机会,并加剧疫情.
- 像偏见安全沟通和身份盲目的政策工具可以减轻在流行病期间的耻辱驱动摩擦.
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