车辆非废气颗粒物中的金属的规格和流动性
Patricia Córdoba1, Patricia Escorcia1, Natalia Moreno1
1Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
Journal of hazardous materials
|October 12, 2025
概括
来自轮胎和车磨损的非排气汽车颗粒物会将有毒金属释放到水中. 需要更严格的法规和更安全的材料来控制这个城市污染源.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 分析化学 分析化学
背景情况:
- 非排气车辆颗粒物 (NEVPM) 排放对城市空气质量造成越来越大的关注.
- 轮胎和车磨损是NEVPM的重要贡献者,承载着相当大的金属负载.
- 雨水可以动员NEVPM,导致城市水污染.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究轮胎,车片 (BPs) 和车粉的化学成分.
- 评估热处理对BP矿物学和金属流动性的影响.
- 通过漏试验评估BP和车粉中的金属释放和物种化.
主要方法:
- 轮胎和车片材料的化学成分分析.
- 车片的热处理以模拟制动条件.
- 在经过处理的车片和车灰尘上进行漏试验,以量化金属释放.
- 对金属物种的分析,包括Cr的形成.
主要成果:
- 轮胎配方显示一致的碳和无机添加剂.
- 制动片含有复杂的矿物相与可变金属 (Al,Fe,Ti,Cu).
- 热处理改变了BP矿物质,增加了金属的流动性并形成金属氧化物/硫酸盐.
- 漂水试验检测出超过值的有毒金属 (Zn,Cu,Pb,Mn,Cr,VI,As).
- 制动粉中含有丰富的氧化铁,Cu,Zn,Ba,Sb和微量元素.
- 在热处理后,Cr (VI) 的形成增加,对健康构成风险.
结论:
- 轮胎和车碎片是城市金属污染的重要来源.
- 车磨损是污染细颗粒物的主要原因之一.
- 调查结果强调需要加强监管控制和开发更安全的车辆材料.
- 处理后增加的Cr (VI) 形成强调了与车磨损排放相关的健康风险.
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