一个神秘病毒对蝶种群动态的上下文依赖的影响
Brendan D Carson1,2, Colin M Orians1, Elizabeth E Crone1,3
1Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.
Ecology
|October 12, 2025
概括
像Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDV) 这样的神秘病毒通过减少生存和繁殖来影响蝶种群. 环境压力因素,如干旱,可以放大JcDVV.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 人口动态 人口动态
背景情况:
- 毒性病原体已经得到了充分的研究,但无处不在的"神秘"病毒对动物群体的影响在很大程度上仍未被探索.
- 昆虫的生成时间短,繁殖率高,是研究神秘病毒对人口动态影响的理想模型.
研究的目的:
- 研究一种神秘的非封闭型密集病毒 (Junonia coenia DV,JcDV) 对巴尔的摩蝶 (Euphydryas phaeton) 的人口影响.
- 评估JcDV在不同的环境条件下如何影响蝶的生存,繁殖和种群增长率.
主要方法:
- 一个为期两年的实地中宇宙实验 (2021-2022) 将Euphydryas phaeton暴露在不同程度的Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDV) 暴露中.
- 测量了关键的人口参数,包括隔离期后幼虫存活率,性别比率和雌性生育能力.
- 利用生命速率来参数化一个人口模型来估计人口增长率.
主要成果:
- JcDV显著降低了E. phaeton隔离期后幼虫生存率和雌性生育能力,同时也导致了男性偏差的性别比率.
- 在这两年的实验中,JcDV始终降低了估计的人口增长率.
- 人口减少发生在2022年,与区域干旱相吻合,表明病毒影响和气候因素之间的相互作用.
结论:
- 像JcDV这样的神秘病毒可以显著影响蝶种群动态,影响生命率和整体生长.
- 对E. phaeton种群的JcDV的影响因干旱等环境压力因素而加剧.
- 这项研究强调了密码病毒在塑造昆虫种群动态方面的关键作用,特别是在具有挑战性的环境条件下.
相关概念视频
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
23.0K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
23.0K
00:36Viral Mutations
39.6K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
39.6K
00:57Viral Recombination
24.9K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
24.9K
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
7.4K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
7.4K