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黑人和白人预期寿命在各国家政策群体中的变化,1990-2019:研究笔记
1Department of Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania.
Demography
|October 13, 2025
概括
国家政策对美国的预期寿命有很大影响,自由主义政策与更长的预期寿命相关,特别是在黑人人口中,而与毒品相关的死亡率阻碍了进步.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
背景情况:
- 美国的预期寿命趋势显示了种族群体之间的差异.
- 国家层面的政策自由主义被假定会影响健康结果.
- 了解这些动态对于有针对性的公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查美国国家政策自由主义与1990-2019年预期寿命趋势之间的关系.
- 为了记录黑人和白人男性和女性之间的预期寿命差异.
- 确定与政策相关的预期寿命优势的年龄组和死亡原因.
主要方法:
- 对黑人和白人人口的预期寿命数据 (1990-2019) 的分析.
- 根据60年来政策自由主义轨迹对国家进行分组.
- 估计年龄组和死亡原因对预期寿命差异的贡献.
主要成果:
- 自由国家的预期寿命优势出现,到2018-2019年达到2.5-3.8年.
- 到2018-2019年,自由主义州的黑人妇女的预期寿命比保守主义州的白人更高或相等.
- 白人人口的政策梯度更明显;黑人预期寿命显示优势集中在最自由的州.
- 自由优势的驱动因素因年龄和种族而异,包括黑人男性的艾滋病毒/艾滋病和谋杀,白人成年人的慢性疾病和女性的神经系统障碍.
- 与毒品相关的死亡率对预期寿命产生了负面影响,尤其对男性来说,抵消了这些收益.
结论:
- 美国国家政策自由主义与预期寿命的显著增长有关,特别是在黑人人口中.
- 政策自由主义对预期寿命的影响是复杂的,因种族,性别,年龄和死亡原因而异.
- 解决与毒品有关的死亡率对于最大限度地发挥自由政策对长寿的好处至关重要.
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