重新思考工作记忆训练对精神分裂症执行功能的影响:一种机器学习方法
Tongyi Zhang1, Meifang Su1, Xiaoning Huo2
1School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.
International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHP
|October 13, 2025
概括
工作记忆训练显著改善了精神分裂症患者的执行功能 (EF) 配置文件,使他们朝着神经类型的功能迈进. 这种认知训练方法可以更精细地评估执行功能的改善.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 执行功能障碍对精神分裂症的功能结果产生重大影响,目前的治疗方法往往无法充分解决问题.
- 计算机化认知训练有希望,但传统评估可能无法完全捕捉执行功能 (EF) 的微妙改进.
- 需要精细的方法来量化EF变化,并确定精神分裂症治疗反应的预测因素.
研究的目的:
- 在精神分裂症患者进行工作记忆训练后,量化执行功能 (EF) 配置文件的变化.
- 为了确定强大的治疗反应的基线预测器执行功能.
- 与对照条件相比,评估适应性N-back训练的有效性.
主要方法:
- 94名精神分裂症患者被随机分配到适应性N-back训练,非适应性1-back控制或通常治疗组.
- 执行功能在工作记忆,认知灵活性和抑制控制领域进行了评估.
- 支持矢量机分类器量化了EF概况变化,格兰杰因果关系原理确定了基线预测因素.
主要成果:
- 适应性训练对工作记忆任务产生了显著的近转移效应,并减少了一般的精神病理.
- 在适应组中,神经类型EF分类的概率显著增加 (13.21%至38.79%),与症状减少相关.
- 工作记忆维护和响应抑制被确定为治疗响应最强大的基线预测因素.
结论:
- 工作记忆训练在精神分裂症患者的EF概况中产生了有意义的转变,促进了向神经类型功能转变.
- 基于分类器的方法提供了与传统措施相比更精细的EF评估.
- 特定的EF领域预测了治疗反应,表明了潜在的因果相关性,这需要在更大的试验中进行进一步调查.
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