血友病的治疗进展:从分子创新到以患者为中心的全球护理
Zaure Dushimova1, Marat Pashimov2, Jamilya Kaibullayeva2
1Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Frontiers in medicine
|October 13, 2025
概括
血友病治疗已经从基本因子替代到创新的基因疗法. 然而,全球仍然存在重大差异,许多患者无法获得基本护理.
科学领域:
- 血液学 血液学 血液学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 血友病A和B是X相关的遗传性出血障碍,是由 VIII 和 IX 凝血因子的缺陷引起的.
- 从历史上看,血友病缺乏有效的治疗方法,但20世纪的进步引入了凝血因子替代品和预防.
- 本综述探讨了血友病管理的演变,从传统疗法到新兴策略.
研究的目的:
- 提供常规和新型血友病治疗的最新概述.
- 评估包括基因疗法在内的治疗方法的优点,缺点和未来潜力.
- 检查治疗对患者生活质量和全球医疗保健准入的影响.
主要方法:
- 叙事综述整合了有关血友病的现有信息.
- 检查病理生理学,分类,基因型-表型相关性和治疗进展.
- 评估因子替代,非因子疗法,免疫耐受性诱导和基因疗法.
主要成果:
- 因子替代疗法仍然至关重要,但涉及频繁的输液,高成本和抑制剂风险.
- 像延长半衰期和皮下疗法等创新改善了粘附性,减少了出血.
- 基因疗法对持续的因子生产有希望,但面临安全性,耐用性和可访问性挑战.
结论:
- 尽管取得了进展,但在血友病治疗获取方面仍然存在严重的全球不平等,约70%的患者缺乏必要的治疗方法.
- 血友病B研究的代表性不足和基因治疗中的免疫学挑战需要引起注意.
- 解决差异和优化先进疗法对于改善全球血友病护理至关重要.
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