越来越多的野火频率减少了碳储存,导致阿拉斯加北极森林的再生失败
Xanthe J Walker1,2, Michelle C Mack1, Betsy Black1,3
1Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
Fire ecology
|October 13, 2025
概括
气候变暖正在增加北极森林的野火频率,减少碳储存,导致再生失败. 这些变化有可能将森林从碳汇转移到碳来源,从而影响全球碳平衡.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 气候科学 气候科学
- 林业林业 林业 林业 林业
背景情况:
- 气候变暖加快了高度生态系统的野火规模,严重程度和频率.
- 在历史上,北极森林的火灾回报间隔 (FRI) 为70-130年;缩短的FRI现在很常见.
- 玻里亚森林储存了全球陆地碳的很大一部分,使得它们对火灾的反应对气候反至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 量化火灾前和火灾后的碳池和不同火灾回报间隔 (FRI) 的损失.
- 在长期,中期,短期和三重燃烧场景中评估火灾后的苗木再生.
- 了解缩短FRI对北极森林碳储存和生态系统弹性的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自阿拉斯加内陆31起火灾的555个地块的数据集.
- 在不同的FRI类 (长,中,短,三重燃烧) 中比较碳池和损失.
- 评估了火灾后苗木再生的成功,并确定了影响继承轨迹的因素.
主要成果:
- 缩短的FRI减少了北极森林的碳储存能力,原因是遗留的碳损失和再生失败.
- 森林火灾总碳排放量在FRI类中是相似的 (2.53.5公斤C m-2).
- 大约65%的短FRI和三重烧伤经历了再生故障,影响了火灾后的继承.
结论:
- 越来越多的火灾频率在结构和功能上损害了北极森林.
- 缩短FRI和遗留的碳燃烧可以将森林从碳汇转移到来源.
- 需要适应性管理,以提高北极森林对火灾频率增加的适应性,并减轻气候反.
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