影响最近KP.3.1.1类SARS-CoV-2变异的功能和抗原性的尖端突变
Bernadeta Dadonaite1, Sheri Harari1, Brendan B Larsen1
1Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Journal of virology
|October 13, 2025
概括
尖端蛋白中的新SARS-CoV-2突变有助于病毒逃避抗体中和. 了解这些变化是预测病毒演变和改进疫苗和治疗的关键.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- SARS-CoV-2 持续进化,获得尖端蛋白突变,可以逃避人类抗体反应.
- 了解这些突变对于开发有效的疫苗和治疗新兴变异的疗法至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估KP.3.1.1SARS-CoV-2菌株的突变蛋白对病毒功能和抗体中和的影响.
- 为了确定影响ACE2结合,RBD构造和人类血清和临床抗体识别的特定突变.
主要方法:
- 利用基于伪病毒的深度突变扫描来分析尖端蛋白突变.
- 对细胞进入,ACE2受体结合和RBD上下运动的测量效应.
- 通过人类血清 (疫苗接种前和接种后/感染) 和特定单克隆抗体进行评估中和.
主要成果:
- 鉴定出突变,特别是在RBD之外,该突变调节RBD上下运动并影响血清中和.
- 观察到,中和逃脱地点可以根据先前的疫苗接种或感染史转移.
- 发现特定的RBD部位 (475,478,487) 和非RBD部位显著降低了疫苗接种后/感染血清的中和.
结论:
- 尖端蛋白突变,包括RBD之外的突变,是SARS-CoV-2免疫逃避的关键驱动因素.
- 这项研究为塑造SARS-CoV-2的进化压力提供了洞察力,并有助于预测抗原漂移.
- 这些发现对于评估新变种对疫苗疗效和基于抗体的预防措施的影响是有价值的.
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