人工智能对手术前优化和预测发病率和死亡率风险的潜在影响:以叙述为重点的评论
James Harvey Jones1, Tetsuro Sakai
1From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
A&A practice
|October 13, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 通过改善患者健康预测和个性化护理来增强术前诊所. 像自然语言处理 (NLP) 这样的AI工具可以识别风险并优化资源使用,以获得更好的外科手术结果.
科学领域:
- 在外科手术期间的医学.
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 手术前优化诊所通过改善患者健康和减少取消手术改善了手术结果.
- 手术前护理的演变包括历史模型和现代系统,如手术后增强恢复 (ERAS).
- 电子健康记录和决策支持系统是人工智能在手术前评估中集成的先驱.
研究的目的:
- 探索人工智能 (AI) 在手术前优化诊所的进步和潜力.
- 突出AI在预测建模,风险评估和个性化患者护理策略中的作用.
- 讨论人工智能对手术结果和资源利用的影响.
主要方法:
- 在手术前环境中审查人工智能应用,包括机器学习和自然语言处理 (NLP).
- 对人工智能对术后并发症,如心血管事件和贫血的预测能力的分析.
- 与传统编码相比,研究NLP在识别诸如滥用酒精等疾病方面的准确性.
主要成果:
- 机器学习算法在预测术后贫血,阿片类药物依赖,糖尿病并发症和死亡率方面优于传统模型.
- 人工智能工具在贫血管理,青素过敏脱标和阿片类药物使用预测方面表现出有效性.
- 在手术前检测有风险的酒精消费时,NLP表现出比ICD代码更高的准确性.
结论:
- 在手术前诊所整合人工智能有望显著提高效率并改善患者的治疗结果.
- 为了广泛采用人工智能,需要解决数据隐私,算法偏见和临床医生接受等挑战.
- 进一步研究验证跨不同人群的人工智能模型,并将其整合到临床工作流程中,对于实现人工智能在外科医学中的全部潜力至关重要.
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