评估人工智能协助对紧急医生解释胸部X射线决策的影响:一个多读者多个案例研究
David Lyell1, Michael Dinh2,3, Mark Gillett4
1Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia david.lyell@mq.edu.au.
Emergency medicine journal : EMJ
|October 13, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 工具改善了急诊医生的胸部X射线诊断和患者管理. 人工智能协助提高了5.9%的诊断准确度,特别是在老年居民中,但没有显著增加翻译时间.
科学领域:
- 医疗成像医学成像
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 紧急医疗 紧急医疗
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 工具显示出有潜力帮助急诊医生解释胸部X射线.
- 人工智能协助在紧急情况下对临床决策的影响尚不清楚.
- 这项研究调查了人工智能工具如何影响急诊医生对胸部X射线的诊断决策.
研究的目的:
- 评估人工智能辅助对解释胸部X射线的急诊医生的临床决定的影响.
- 评估人工智能对诊断准确性和患者管理的影响.
- 检查诸如解释时间和诊断信心等因素.
主要方法:
- 200名医生 (初级/高级住院医生,注册医生,顾问) 解释了18张胸部X射线图片.
- 一半的图片用人工智能辅助解读,一半没有.
- 主要结果包括正确的诊断和患者管理;次要结果评估了解释时间和诊断信心.
主要成果:
- 人工智能辅助改善了正确诊断的5.9% (95% CI 2.7~9.2%) 和患者管理的3.2% (95% CI 0.1%~6.4%).
- 诊断信心增加了5% (p<0.001),而解释时间略有增加了4.9s (p=0.08).
- 高龄居民在诊断方面表现出最大的改善 (11.8%).
结论:
- 人工智能协助胸部X射线解释可以提高诊断准确性和患者管理.
- 观察到的好处表明,人工智能工具可能在紧急医疗决策中具有价值.
- 需要进一步的研究来确认这些改善是否会导致更好的患者结果.
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