[日本移徙工人的职业伤害:一个范围审查]
Mao Nakazawa1, Ai Hori2, Yukari Isaka3
1Department of Global Public Health, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba.
[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health
|October 13, 2025
概括
在日本,移徙工人的职业伤害正在上升. 本范围审查强调了特定行业的风险,以及需要针对性的预防策略来提高工人安全.
科学领域:
- 职业健康和安全问题 职业健康和安全问题
- 移民卫生工作者 移民卫生工作者
- 工业卫生 工业卫生
背景情况:
- 日本的外来工人数量急剧增加,导致职业伤害的数量大幅增加.
- 在2023年,日本有超过200万的移徙工人,报告有5672起与工作有关的伤害和死亡.
- 现有的反制措施需要通过解决移徙工人面临的行业特定风险来加强.
研究的目的:
- 进行范围审查,以确定日本各行各业的移徙工人中的职业伤害挑战.
- 检查现有的预防措施,并确定当前战略中的差距.
- 为提高工人安全提供信息,制定有针对性的干预措施.
主要方法:
- 在学术数据库 (CiNii Research, Ichushi Web, PubMed) 和组织网站 (JITCO,卫生,劳工和福利部) 进行了全面的文献搜索,搜索了1990年至2023年10月期间发表的研究.
- 两位独立审查员对885份报告的标题,摘要和全文进行了选,选择了73项相关研究 (37份调查报告,36份案例报告).
- 研究被分类,并使用日本标准工业分类来分类行业,以分析特定行业的问题.
主要成果:
- 确定的主要问题包括对机械的理解不足,技能保留问题 (农业/林业),安全知识不足 (建筑),设备故障/缺乏培训 (制造业).
- 虽然农业/林业和建筑行业注意到了一些有针对性的预防工作,但许多行业缺乏特定的问题识别.
- 很大一部分 (73份报告中的28份) 并没有关注特定行业,这表明知识缺口很大.
结论:
- 需要收集和分析有关日本移民工人职业伤害的特定行业数据.
- 根据特定行业的风险制定和实施量身定制的预防措施对于减少工作场所事故至关重要.
- 需要进一步的研究来解决发现的差距,并提高不断增长的移民劳动力的安全.
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