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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
Marijuana, derived from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, contains...
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CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

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CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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对时间感知和生产的差异性 cannabinergic 影响.

Mario G Martínez-Montalvo1,2, Diana I Ortega-Romero1, Ana S Báez-Cordero1

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概括

合成大麻素会损害老鼠的时间感知,但不会损害老鼠的时间生产. 这项研究突出了由大麻素管理影响的时间处理和运动控制背后的独特机制.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 行为药理学行为药理学

背景情况:

  • 众所周知,大麻素会导致运动和认知缺陷.
  • 大麻素对时间感知与生产的具体影响仍然不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 研究合成大麻素CP55940对老鼠时间间隔感知和产生的影响.
  • 区分大麻素诱导的时间感知和运动控制的改变.

主要方法:

  • 雄性大鼠被训练在三个行为范式评估时间间隔的感知和生产.
  • 用CP55940的全身管理来评估行为变化.

主要成果:

  • CP55940的使用导致了固定间隔任务中的时间过高估计,这表明对已过去时间 (几十秒) 的感知受损.
  • 虽然前肢伸展时间在两个间隔的生产任务 (几百毫秒) 中增加了,但这归因于运动速度的减少,而不是时间处理的改变.
  • 在复杂的运动序列任务中,运动速度被减慢了,但运动时间保持不变.

结论:

  • 系统性大麻素的使用会损害时间感知.
  • 大麻素保持间隔生产,这表明有不同的感知和生产的神经机制.
  • 大麻素的影响包括运动缓慢和时间感知受损,并保留了运动时间.