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土地利用对当地和区域淡水生物多样性的影响可能会损害当前的管理目标
Heikki Mykrä1, Anna Suuronen2, Jukka Aroviita3
1Finnish Environment Institute, Nature Solutions, Oulu, Finland.
Global change biology
|October 14, 2025
概括
土地利用降低了淡水生物多样性,影响了溪流和湖泊生态系统. 目前的环境目标可能不足以有效保护生物多样性,需要更新保护目标.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 淡水生态系统和生物多样性在全球受到土地利用和人类活动的威胁.
- 现有的长期监测数据对淡水生物多样性变化和当前环境目标的有效性提供了有限的洞察力.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用全国调查数据,调查土地利用对芬兰淡水生物多样性的影响.
- 评估"良好的生态状况"类在保护淡水生物多样性的有效性.
主要方法:
- 利用了全国范围的河流和湖泊藻,宏观无脊椎动物和巨型植物的调查数据.
- 采用RIVPACS类型的多种类型分布模型,并进行独立验证,以评估生物多样性指标 (O/E比率,类型流行率).
主要成果:
- 土地利用对河流社区的当地多样性产生了负面影响,在较小程度上,湖泊社区 (特别是受农业影响) 产生了负面影响.
- 由于土地利用,区域分类的流行率在各种群体 (藻,巨,巨无脊椎动物) 中显著下降.
- 观察到物种组成的变化,敏感物种减少,耐受物种增加,特别是在农业地区. "良好的生态状况"分类显示,对一些种群的保护不足,比如溪流宏观无脊椎动物.
结论:
- 土地使用在地方和区域范围内显著改变淡水生物多样性.
- 目前的"良好的生态状况"框架可能无法充分保护淡水生物多样性,强调需要修订环境目标.
- 将淡水生物多样性考虑纳入环境目标对于有效的保护和恢复战略至关重要.
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