后COVID-19条件表型:一项前性队列研究,确定四个症状集群及其对长期结果的影响
Tove Grafström1, Guilherme W F Barros2, Ida-Lisa Persson3
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Karlstad Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden; Centre for Clinical Research and Education, Karlstad, Region Värmland, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
Journal of infection and public health
|October 14, 2025
概括
后COVID-19条件 (PCC) 呈现出多样化的症状,许多症状随着时间的推移而改善. 然而,一些人经历感染后长达三年的持续症状,特别是那些在最初的疾病期间住院的人.
科学领域:
- 医学研究 医学研究
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 纵向研究是指长度研究.
背景情况:
- 后COVID-19条件 (PCC) 被认为是一种复杂的条件,具有多种表现.
- 之前对PCC症状集群的研究已经产生了不一致的发现,缺乏明确的共识.
- 长期演变的PCC症状集群,特别是超过一年,仍然不充分理解.
研究的目的:
- 在患有后COVID-19病情 (PCC) 的个体中识别和描述不同的症状集群.
- 研究这些症状集群的纵向轨迹及其对健康相关生活质量 (HRQoL) 和工作能力的影响.
- 为更好地了解PCC异质性和长期结果做出贡献.
主要方法:
- 一项多中心前性队列研究,涉及470名瑞典成年人 (住院和非住院).
- 在感染后长达三年的时间内进行了后续评估.
- 层次集群分析在六个月后确定了症状集群,参与者使用k-最近邻近算法进行跟踪.
主要成果:
- 六个月内最常见的症状包括疲劳 (33%),呼吸障碍 (32%),精神疲劳 (30%) 和注意力集中障碍 (28%).
- 研究人员确定了四个不同的症状群:"少数症状" (57%),"呼吸系统症状" (14%),"神经认知症状" (16%) 和"多系统症状" (11%).
- 后三个群体中的参与者,通常年龄较大,患有更多的并发病和先前住院治疗,报告HRQoL较低. 随着时间的推移,超过一半的患者有所改善,在"多系统症状"组的HRQoL显著增加.
结论:
- 虽然许多COVID-19后病情患者的病情有所改善,但很大一部分患者经历了长达三年的持续症状,特别是如果在急性感染期间住院治疗.
- 鉴定的症状集群及其不断演变的模式增强了对PCC异质性的理解.
- 这项研究促进了PCC分类及其长期健康影响的共识.
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