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母亲抗体干扰轮状病毒疫苗接种的机制

Tawny L Chandler¹, Sarah Woodyear¹, Valerie Chen¹

¹Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.

The EMBO journal

|October 14, 2025

概括

母亲抗体保护婴儿,但可以阻止口服轮状病毒疫苗的有效性. 这项研究发现,母亲的抗体导致疫苗清除,阻碍婴儿的免疫反应和对轮状病毒的保护.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
疫苗学疫苗学疫苗学
新生儿健康新生儿健康

背景情况:

母亲抗体为新生儿提供关键的被动免疫力,新生儿的免疫系统不成熟.
这些抗体可以干扰新生儿的活性免疫反应,包括疫苗的疗效.
高的母体抗体水平与婴儿口服轮状病毒疫苗接种后血清转化率低下有关.

研究的目的:

阐明母亲抗体干扰口服轮状病毒疫苗疗效背后的免疫机制.
调查疫苗复制和FcγRIIB在这种干扰现象中的作用.

主要方法:

开发和利用小鼠模型用于新生儿口服轮状病毒疫苗接种.
评估疫苗复制,抗体减弱和血清转化在母亲抗体的存在下.
评估FcγRIIB淘汰赛小鼠,以确定其在新生儿抗体反应中的作用.

主要成果:

发现母体抗体阻断了口服罗塔病毒疫苗的复制,防止血清转化.
与未接种疫苗的对照组相比,在接种疫苗的幼中观察到母体抗体的减弱速度更快.
删除FcγRIIB并没有完全恢复疫苗的有效性,尽管它在非常低的母体抗体标位下影响了幼IgG水平.

结论:

母亲抗体介导的疫苗清除是干扰口服轮状病毒疫苗的主要机制.
在这种干扰过程中,FcγRIIB受体在新生儿IgG反应中起小作用.
了解这些机制对于改进新生儿针对轮状病毒等病原体的疫苗策略至关重要.

关键词:

在FcγRIIBB中.孕产妇的抗体孕产妇的抗体罗塔病毒 (Rotavirus) 是一种病毒.疫苗疫苗疫苗疫苗

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