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使用自动扫描电子显微镜在土壤矩阵中量化小 (1-10μm) 微塑料颗粒:可能性和局限性

Ralf Kaegi¹, Matthias Philipp², Isabel S Jüngling³

¹Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland. ralf.kaegi@eawag.ch.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry

|October 14, 2025

概括

这项研究引入了聚碳酸膜的黄金涂层,以改善使用扫描电子显微镜检测微塑料颗粒. 这种方法增强了元素对比度,使复杂的环境样本中的微塑料能够更准确地识别.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
分析化学分析化学
材料科学材料科学材料科学

背景情况:

扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 与能量分散式X射线 (EDX) 分析对于微塑料颗粒 (MP) 识别至关重要.
用于MP隔离的聚碳酸 (PC) 膜与MP具有较差的元素对比度,阻碍了自动检测.
需要一种新的方法来增强对比度,以便在复杂矩阵中进行准确的MP分析.

研究的目的:

开发和优化一种使用SEM-EDX改进微塑料颗粒检测的方法.
为了在微塑料颗粒和聚碳酸膜之间引入元素对比.
在复杂的环境样本 (如土壤) 中验证方法的有效性.

主要方法:

在PC膜上涂上金 (Au) 涂层,以增强元素对比度.
使用蒙特卡洛模拟,优化SEM运行条件 (3kV加速电压,40nmAu涂层).
密度分离技术用于将MPs与土壤悬浮分离.
将SEM-EDX结果与用于MP识别的拉曼光谱进行比较.

主要成果:

在3kV加速电压下PC膜上的40nm金涂层被确定为元素对比度的最佳.
从土壤悬浮中回收的聚乙烯 (PE) 和聚乙烯 (PVC) 颗粒分别约为70%和50%.
在SEM-EDX和Raman测量中观察到微塑料识别的高度一致性.
在库存悬浮和土壤样本中检测到PE和PVC之间的最小交叉污染.

结论:

金涂聚碳酸膜通过SEM-EDX显著改善了微塑料颗粒的检测.
开发的方法有效地分析了复杂的环境矩阵中的小微塑料颗粒.
这种技术为准确的微塑料量化和表征提供了一个强大的方法.

关键词:

电子显微镜自动化电子显微镜微塑料是一种微塑料.蒙特卡洛模拟的蒙特卡洛模拟样品的准备样品的准备单个粒子分析

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