在疾病诊断,治疗规划和预后方面使用人工智能支持的临床决策支持系统:系统性审查
Marzieh Nojomi1, Ebrahim Babaee1, Zahra Rampisheh1
1Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran
|October 15, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 在医疗保健中显示出有前途的疾病检测,分类和预测. 未来的研究应该优先考虑可解释的AI和现实世界的验证,以确保安全的临床整合.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 系统审查是系统的审查.
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 正在彻底改变医疗保健,提供超越人类在疾病预防,检测和治疗方面的能力.
- 这一系统性审查全面评估了人工智能技术在各种医疗保健部门的影响和成功.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和评估人工智能在医疗保健中的应用和成果.
- 确定人工智能影响的关键领域,包括疾病检测,分类和预测.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,ISI) 进行了系统的文献搜索,直到2023年.
- 关键词集中在人工智能驱动的疾病检测,分类和预后;非英语文章和那些无法访问的全文文章被排除在外.
- 数据提取和质量评估由两个独立研究人员进行.
主要成果:
- 包括123篇文章,分类为疾病检测 (n=75),分类 (n=23) 和预测/预防 (n=25).
- 瘤学和COVID-19是突出的话题,胸部X射线和乳腺成像是常见的数据输入.
- 人工智能显示出强大的诊断和预后准确性,特别是在成像和实验室环境中.
结论:
- 由人工智能驱动的临床决策支持系统显示出巨大的潜力,但面临诸如"黑子"模型等挑战,限制了可解释性和信任性.
- 数据偏差和整合障碍仍然是医疗保健中实际AI实施的重大问题.
- 未来的研究必须强调可解释的AI (XAI) 和强大的现实世界验证,以确保安全有效的临床部署.
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