运动,表观遗传学和身体组成:分子连接
Ashley Williams1, Danielle D Wadsworth2, Thangiah Geetha1
1Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Cells
|October 15, 2025
概括
定期运动通过表观遗传学影响基因表达,从而影响健康. 本综述探讨了运动诱导的表观遗传变化如何影响身体组成和衰老,为个性化的健康策略提供了见解.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
背景情况:
- 运动对健康至关重要,影响慢性疾病风险,衰老和身体组成.
- 运动诱导的分子通路,特别是骨肌肉中的表观遗传反应,调解了这些好处.
- 表观遗传学,包括DNA甲基化和基因素修饰,调节基因表达而不改变DNA序列.
研究的目的:
- 审查运动,表观遗传调节和青少年和成人身体组成之间的相互作用.
- 确定影响新陈代谢,肌肉发育和衰老的关键基因和运动影响的分子通路.
- 了解表观遗传修饰如何影响个体对运动的反应.
主要方法:
- 关于运动,表观遗传学和身体组成研究的综合文献综述.
- 综合目前的证据,重点关注分子机制.
- 对表观遗传修饰的分析,如与运动有关的DNA甲基化,基因素修饰和非编码RNA.
主要成果:
- 运动显著影响表观基因组,影响与健康和身体组成相关的基因表达.
- 特定的表观遗传机制与脂肪质量,瘦体质量和代谢健康的变化有关.
- 运动反应的个体变异可能由表观遗传调节的差异来解释.
结论:
- 了解运动-表观遗传学-身体组成的联系对于优化健康干预至关重要.
- 表观遗传的洞察力可以个性化运动处方,以改善整个寿命的结果.
- 对这些分子通路的进一步研究可以提高疾病预防和管理的策略.
相关概念视频
Exercise and Muscle Performance
2.3K
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
2.3K
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
3.9K
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
3.9K
Gene-Environment Interactions
1.1K
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
1.1K
Epigenetic Regulation
33.5K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
33.5K
Epigenetic Regulation
3.7K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
3.7K
Regulation of Metabolism
11.4K
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
11.4K


