收获和自然掠食形状的选择,以提高雄性野生火的行为可预测性
Nick A Gulotta1, Patrick H Wightman1, Bret A Collier2
1Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
The Journal of animal ecology
|October 15, 2025
概括
雄性野生火表现出不同的行为可预测性,风险较高的个体更容易预测,因此更容易受到猎人和捕食者的攻击. 狩猎季节增加了可预测性,影响了生存率和人口动态.
科学领域:
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 野生动物管理 野生动物管理
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 猎物的冒险行为,如使用开放区域或高活动,往往会降低生存率.
- 收获诱导和自然选择影响平均表型特征,但它们对行为可预测性的影响不太清楚.
- 了解行为变异对于野生动物保护和管理策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估雄性野生火 (Meleagris gallopavo) 的行为表达和可预测性的个体变化.
- 研究行为可预测性,风险承担,活动水平和对收获和掠夺的易感性之间的关系.
- 探索狩猎和掠食压力如何影响野生火种群的行为选择.
主要方法:
- 利用双层层次的通用线性建模框架来分析来自108只雄性野生火的行为数据.
- 平均行为速度及其可预测性的量化变化 (变化系数).
- 与狩猎和掠食压力的敏感性相关的行为特征.
主要成果:
- 观察到行为可预测性的显著个体变化,与风险承担和活动水平有关.
- 确定了一种行为类型可预测性综合征:风险较高的人更容易预测,而更活跃的人更难预测.
- 在狩猎季节,火表现出更高的可预测性和接近危险地区,与峰值死亡率相吻合.
结论:
- 收获诱导和自然选择对雄性野生火的行为类型及其可预测性都起作用.
- 风险更高,更可预测的火面临着更高的猎人和捕食者的死亡率,而猎人则针对活跃的,不可预测的个体.
- 作为对狩猎压力的反应,行为可塑性对野生火种群动态和保护有重大影响.
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