针对RAS突变特异性反应对相对和状态选择性RAS抑制剂的反应
Beau Baars1, Ana Orive-Ramos1, Matthew J Emmett2,3,4
1Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
Molecular cancer research : MCR
|October 15, 2025
概括
大多数针对RAS的癌症疗法由于选择性差,其有效性有限. 评估信号抑制指数 (SII) 显示,与正常细胞相比,许多当前的RAS抑制剂很难抑制瘤细胞中的瘤信号.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 高治疗指数对于有效的癌症疗法至关重要,需要强烈抑制瘤细胞中的瘤信号传递,对正常细胞的影响最小.
- 最近的进展包括各种RAS向抑制剂,如突变特异性 (KRAS G12C,KRAS G12D) 和paralog或状态选择性抑制剂.
- 非突变特异性的RAS抑制策略包括向关氨酸核酸交换因子 (SHP2,SOS1),KRAS-OFF抑制剂和活性状态RAS (ON) 抑制剂.
研究的目的:
- 为了定义状态和对等选择性RAS抑制剂的信号抑制指数 (SII).
- 在各种模型中评估RAS突变细胞和正常细胞之间瘤信号的差异抑制.
- 为RAS向治疗的设计和临床应用提供信息,以改善瘤选择性和结果.
主要方法:
- 对状态和并联选择性RAS抑制剂的信号抑制指数 (SII) 的评估.
- 在多种RAS突变体和RAS野生型细胞和异种移植模型中进行测试.
- 对不同RAS抑制策略的比较分析:关氨酸核酸交换-OFF,KRAS-OFF和活性状态RAS (ON) 抑制剂.
主要成果:
- 关氨酸核酸交换-OFF抑制剂显示中性或阴性SII,与野生类型相比,KRAS G12X细胞中的MAPK抑制减少.
- 克拉斯G13D模型,特别是在NF1损失的情况下,表现出低灵敏度;SHP2加MEK抑制产生了低选择性.
- 由于MEK抑制剂诱导的NRAS活性和改变的SHP2构造,RAS Q61X模型具有抗性;KRAS-OFF抑制剂显示出更高的选择性.
- 活性状态RAS(ON) 抑制剂表现出更广泛的活性,但选择性较窄.
- 对突变特异性抑制剂的敏感性与状态选择性药物在很大程度上重叠,这表明大多数RAS突变瘤对当前RAS抑制剂的反应不佳.
结论:
- 目前的状态和相对选择性RAS抑制剂通常缺乏足够的瘤选择性,正如其信号抑制指数 (SII) 所示.
- 关氨酸核酸交换-OFF和活性状态RAS (ON) 抑制剂在不同的RAS突变和环境中显示出有效性和选择性的局限性.
- 大多数RAS突变瘤预计对目前可用的RAS抑制剂反应不佳,需要进一步开发更有选择性的治疗策略.
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