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儿童虐待报告率的表征,频率和比较:一项比较研究,巴西,2011-2021年
João Victor de Paula Correia1, Fernando Silva-Oliveira2, Raquel Conceição Ferreira2
1Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Saúde Bucal da Criança e do Adolescente, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
概括
2011-2021年间,儿童被忽视和遗弃是巴西报告最多的虐待类型,主要影响幼儿. 与男孩相比,女孩经历的心理和性暴力比率更高.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,虐待儿童是一个重大的公共卫生问题.
- 了解报告的虐待儿童的趋势对于有效的预防策略至关重要.
- 巴西有一个复杂的系统来报告虐待儿童的案件.
研究的目的:
- 分析2011年至2021年巴西报告的儿童虐待案件.
- 为了比较不同类型的儿童暴力 (身体,心理,性,忽视/遗弃) 的年度报告率.
- 通过儿童的性别和年龄组来检查这些率.
主要方法:
- 分析来自可通报健康状况信息系统 (SINAN) 的数据.
- 计算每种暴力类型的比例和年度报告率 (每10万人),按年龄 (0-4,5-9岁) 和性别分层.
- 根据事件发生情况,受害者和事者的人口统计数据对案件的描述.
主要成果:
- 分析了超过40万份报告,63.5%涉及0-4岁儿童.
- 大多数病例发生在家中,母亲 (52.5%) 和父亲 (34.6%) 是主要的事者.
- 在0-4岁的年龄组中,被忽视/被遗弃的情况在两性中报告率最高. 女孩对心理暴力 (2倍) 和性暴力 (3.5倍) 的报告率更高.
结论:
- 忽视/遗弃是巴西报告的儿童虐待的主要形式,特别影响年幼的儿童.
- 卫生专业人员在报告这些病例方面发挥着关键作用.
- 不平等存在,女孩不成比例地受到性和心理暴力的影响.
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