可生物降解的微塑料在促进抗生素耐药性基因丰富和通过病毒社区转移方面比传统类型具有更大的潜力
Xiaojing Hu1, Haidong Gu1, Yongbin Wang1
1State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China.
Environment international
|October 15, 2025
概括
可生物降解的微塑料 (BP) 显著改变土壤病毒群落,增加抗生素耐药性基因 (ARG),造成环境风险. 传统的微塑料 (CP) 主要在肥改性土壤中构成风险.
科学领域:
- 环境微生物学环境微生物学
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
背景情况:
- 微塑料 (MP) 是新兴的土壤污染物.
- 它们对土壤病毒群落和抗生素耐药性基因 (ARGs) 的影响尚不清楚.
- 了解这些影响对于农业土壤健康至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查传统 (CP) 和可生物降解的微塑料 (BP) 对土壤病毒群落和ARG的影响.
- 评估不同受精模式对这些相互作用的影响.
- 阐明病毒在ARG传播中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在长期受精的玉米土壤中使用1% (w/w) MPs的土壤微观化.
- 病毒群体和ARG配置文件的元基因组和元转录组分析.
- 相关性分析和并发模式分析,以确定病毒与宿主之间的相互作用.
主要成果:
- BP显著降低了病毒多样性,改变了社区结构,而CP则产生了轻微的影响.
- BP增加了ARG的多样性,并丰富了高风险的ARG和移动遗传元素 (MGE),特别是在转录层面.
- 流感病毒在塑造ARG丰富性方面发挥了关键作用,BP在菌体基因组中丰富了高风险的ARG.
结论:
- 可生物降解的微塑料对ARG在农业土壤中的传播构成重大风险,无论如何施肥.
- 传统的微塑料增加了ARG的健康风险,主要是在肥改性土壤中.
- 微塑料污染需要采取策略来缓解土壤中抗生素耐药性的传播.
相关概念视频
00:57Antibiotic Selection
59.4K
Overview
59.4K
01:28Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing
518
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
518
01:28Biological Methods for Microbial Control
783
Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
783
01:29Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
960
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
960
01:26Transformation
696
Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
696
01:30Development of Antibiotic Resistance
1.3K
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
1.3K